There have been several tries to combine PHP and Java by coupling them via network, communicating processes and bridges. Now there's another way: some people have completely rewritten the PHP 5 core and many extensions (PDF, PDO, MySQL, and JSON) generating an implementation of PHP 5 in a .war file called quercus. It can be deployed in a servlet container and seems to run every PHP5 application which uses the supported extensions.
The blokes at quercus also state that quercus outperforms a mod_php application by the factor 4 running standard applications like MediaWiki. It also seems to scale nicely and supports 16-bit unicode. Stay tuned for some real life test results ...